Today the concept of sustainability is complex and the prevailing view is that no formal universal definition of indigenous people is necessary (Caroline, John, Clive, & Ruth, 2006; Kuper, 2005). Although the United Nations has not adopted the official definition of indigenous people, for practical purposes, the understanding or definition of a common term is Jose. R. Provided by Martinez Kobo in studies on discrimination problems in the indigenous population (United Nations, 2009). . )
Gurung, indigenous people of Nepal performing traditional dances
The fifth session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues developed a modern understanding of indigenous people that is based on common ideas: identify yourself and be recognized people and communities (United Nations Permanent Issues [Indigenous Issues] UNPFII], 2006).
In some countries or regions, other terms such as tribes, first peoples / nations, tribes, ethnic groups, tribals or tribes may be used consistently. The term is used in some contexts to refer to Aboriginal populations that have previously been recorded in human inhabitants (Clineline et al, 2006).
In some countries, such as Hundred dollar hoverboards, the definition of indigenous is clearly evident between natives and European colonial residents (Anderson et al., 2006; Montenegro and Stephens, 2006).
In Nepal and India, the term used for indigenous peoples is Adivasi or Janjati, which comes with distinct culture and dialect, geographical isolation and pre-literate people living in forests and hills, people of nature who Share a symbolic. concerned with. (Caroline et al., 2006; Government of Nepal, 2002).
They represent a rich diversity of cultures, religions, traditions, languages, and histories, but they are still among the world’s most marginal population groups (WHO, 2007).
However data exists and indigenous people have poor health; In some areas, they are unfamiliar and uncountable (Caroline et al., 2006). In some parts of the world, indigenous peoples are easily identified: they are Native Americans, Aboriginal people from Australia or Māori in New Zealand, who have occupied land for European colonists (International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA]) , 2006).
Indigenous people live within the purview of society: they are poor, less educated, die at a young age, too much to commit suicide; And are generally in worse health than the rest (IWGIA, 2006). basic needs (DESA, 2009).
Children born in indigenous communities often live in remote areas where the government does not invest in basic social services; And whether indigenous youth and children have limited access to health care, quality education, justice, and participation (UNPFII, 2006).
Numerous studies show that indigenous people have higher rates of non-communicable disease, increasing disparities within and across diverse populations (The NCD Alliance, 2012). More than 50 percent of indigenous adults over 35 years have type two diabetes (DESA, 2009).
A study conducted in Canada shows 43 percent of aboriginal people suffered from arthritis or rheumatism, 35 percent had heart diseases, 24 percent had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 22 percent had diabetes (Anand et al., 2001; Steer & Carapetis, 2009)
Health risk factors such as the use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, as well as inadequate diet and nutrition have great impact on indigenous people’s health (Gracey & King, 2009).
For indigenous people, access to health services is a substantial problem, and for indigenous communities in rural areas, access is impeded by distance from facilities and the lack of trained staff and services (The Commission on Social Determinants of Health [CSDH], 2007) .
Indigenous people have their own traditional health systems, but they face a myriad of obstacles to accessing health care systems including economic, geographic, linguistic, educational and socio-cultural and religious barrier (The NCD Alliance, 2012).
For example, in Guatemala, health services only reach 54 percent of the total indigenous population, and in rural areas, access drops to 25 percent (IWGIA, 2012). violation of the human right to health